I don't know, but we can look at examples around the world and get some ideas, because certain countries censor things in different ways and yet excepting extreme examples like Saudi Arabia most modern countries are culturally fairly similar. Or at least, the big cultural mores are still fairly similar.
Take for example, Japan. I don't know the exact censorship laws, but there doesn't seem to be the same restrictions on nudity that there is in the US. It's not uncommon for me to be browsing at a bookstore and just randomly discover I've blundered into the soft-core porn comic section. Video stores usually section off explicit pornography but I wonder if that's due to a "gentleman's agreement" between video sellers and the public, and not an actual law. The only law I really know about is the one that requires pixellation of genitals (even in mainstram pornography), and that was one imposed on Japan by the US. Violence is also not as strictly censored as in the US, though drug use is far more heavily censored.
I don't believe these differences between US and Japanese censorship really have much of an effect on our cultures. Japanese children can easily get access to nudie magazines (and yes, Japan still has these. Despite the Internet.) It really does seem like Japanese children self-censor, they don't take interest in material that isn't meant for them because it's not exciting, as it's no longer taboo.
The profanity is a different issue because the language we're immersed in can influence the language we use, but unfortunately swearing in Japanese is such a completely different animal (in a grossly over-simplified nutshell, they don't have that many curse words. Instead they just say regular, ordinary words more sloppily and use ruder pronouns when they curse) that I'm not sure it's worth comparing the effect of Japanese cursing on their culture. I'm not strictly speaking opposed to children cursing, but I do support any measure that fights the American tendency to just pepper everything we say with "shit", "ass", and "fuck" rather than curse creatively.