Rape as Storytelling: Why It Is A Cheap Out

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Jan 12, 2012
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According to Moviebob (I haven't seen it yet), in the new Maleficent movie she got 'raped' by having her angel wings clipped. As he points out, this makes it really difficult to sympathize with any of the humans, and will likely have the audience rooting for her. After all, she got raped; who wouldn't give her anything but support in casting down her rapists?

This reminded me of a recent podcast by Dungeons and Randomness[footnote] a podcast about 3 different groups playing D&D in the same world, masterfully orchestrated by Jason Massey. Odds are good that if you're reading this you like dorky things and comedy, so I recommend listening to it.[/footnote] where rape was brought up. I'll put a decent explanation in spoiler tags, but basically there is a female character who had something awful done to her by a male character, something that was never explained previously. The DM consciously chose to avoid rape, because that would ruin both characters.
Basically, there is a girl named Briahna who has magic fuelled by her emotions. There were hints that she had suffered at the hands of the Lord of Winterhaven, Ian Serverus, and a lot of people assumed that the suffering was rape. It turns out that during a battle against an exterior foe, Ian killed the previous Lord in the chaos, as well as Bri's father (who was fighting beside them) in order to take the throne for himself. When Bri confronted him about this (after witnessing from the shadows) he convinced everyone that her magic made her dangerous and unstable, and she was driven from the city.

As Jason explains a bit at the round table, rape in a story does a disservice to both characters. For the rapist, they are utterly irredeemable, and it cheapens any other motivation they may have; they aren't after power, or glory, or wealth, just vicious carnal pleasure. The rape will permanently stain their every action in the minds of the audience.

For the victim, it turns their life into "how do they deal with getting raped?" Any previous motivations are swept away, and anything else they may want- love, family, control, whatever- are all viewed as responses to the rape. The rape permanently stains their every action in the minds of the audience.

Moviebob reminded me of how cheap using rape in a story can be, and how often it's done incorrectly. Rape is a big lead weight dropped on the rubber sheet of the narrative, one that bends everything around it. Having a female character [footnote]Let's be honest, it's almost always a woman, especially when it's part of an hidden tragic backstory.[/footnote] get raped, or have rape in their past, usually does almost nothing that helps move the story, and wrecks both the victim and the rapist as characters. It says to the audience with the worst form of heavy-handedness: "She's right. He's evil. Anything he does is evil, and anything that happens to him is justified. Also, she will suffer forever as she deals with this, but whatever she does to cope is justified."

Anyways, that's my take on the subject. What do you think? Any stories you know that actually handle rape well? Can it be handled well, at least outside of a drama specifically about the rape (i.e. the rape is only part of a larger story)?
 

Johnny Novgorod

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Thunderous Cacophony said:
According to Moviebob (I haven't seen it yet), in the new Maleficent movie she got 'raped' by having her angel wings clipped.
Haven't seen his review but it seems like a popular interpretation.

http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/maleficent-2014

Yes, it can be a cheap device, but it doesn't have to be.
 

bartholen_v1legacy

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Berserk inb4 Casual Shinji.

Why it's handled properly: the most significant rape scene (because there's lots of that in Berserk) in the story is the culmination of the most horrifying event in the manga before or after anything in it. It finally solidifies why the main character is the way he is, and why he wants so desperately to get back at the rapist. The rapist in question
has before said scene quite literally turned into the most evil being in the universe and killed off practically the entire cast of the series, already becoming an irredeemable monster,
so it's not out of character. And as the character later on in the story becomes something that goes entirely against what his actions in the scene were, it creates a mystery around the character, as to what he really is like. The victim doesn't turn into "trying to cope with it", but instead can't take it and is mentally completely broken and reduced to a childlike state.

I still think the story reasons for the rape are questionable at best, but I can't think of another example where rape would have been so significant to the story from then on, if that makes any sense.
 

Fappy

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I disagree completely. If handled with care, it's just another narrative tool. It doesn't HAVE to define the victim from then on (though it will always be a part of them). That said, it should be used sparingly and for the "right" reasons. Not for shock value or to make us simply sympathize with the victim, but to reinforce the tone of the setting/story or to give something for the character to overcome (emotionally/mentally). I hesitate to use the term "compelling", because obviously there is nothing compelling about rape, but you know, it happens in real life and seeing a character survive/work past such a heinous act can say a lot about a character's growth.

All the above only really applies to stories that can handle such content, however. It simply doesn't belong in most, which goes without saying, and though I haven't seen Maleficent I can see where Bob is coming from in his review. Simply put, there is nothing too taboo for a story, so long as it is handled with the right level of maturity and has a good reason to be there. Rape happens, that will never change. Our culture's fiction is a reflection of our reality and is often used as an outlet to air societal anxieties. I believe such issues being hashed out and explored in a well written/thought out story is preferable to burying our heads in the sand.
 

Eamar

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Fappy said:
I disagree completely. If handled with care, it's just another narrative tool. It doesn't HAVE to define the victim from then on (though it will always be a part of them). That said, it should be used sparingly and for the "right" reasons. Not for shock value or to make us simply sympathize with the victim, but to reinforce the tone of the setting/story or to give something for the character to overcome (emotionally/mentally). I hesitate to use the term "compelling", because obviously there is nothing compelling about rape, but you know, it happens in real life and seeing a character survive/work past such a heinous act can say a lot about a character's growth.

All the above only really applies to stories that can handle such content, however. It simply doesn't belong in most, which goes without saying, and though I haven't seen Maleficent I can see where Bob is coming from in his review. Simply put, there is nothing too taboo for a story, so long as it is handled with the right level of maturity and has a good reason to be there. Rape happens, that will never change. Our culture's fiction is a reflection of our reality and is often used as an outlet to air societal anxieties. I believe such issues being hashed out and explored in a well written/thought out story is preferable to burying our heads in the sand.
It appears I've been thoroughly ninja'd. I agree with all of this.

I'd also add that, in the case of revenge/redemption/"spiritual journey" stories, the whole "traumatic event completely overshadows the protagonist" thing isn't limited to rape, and is in fact kind of the point. I guess an equivalent storytelling device for male characters is having their wife murdered. Losing a kid is used pretty often for either gender. I'm willing to bet you could name a whole bunch of stories that centre around the hero swearing revenge on someone who did something terrible to them. Don't really see why rape should be singled out for criticism.
 

Vegosiux

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Eamar said:
I'd also add that, in the case of revenge/redemption/"spiritual journey" stories, the whole "traumatic event completely overshadows the protagonist" thing isn't limited to rape, and is in fact kind of the point. I guess an equivalent storytelling device for male characters is having their wife murdered. Losing a kid is used pretty often for either gender. I'm willing to bet you could name a whole bunch of stories that centre around the hero swearing revenge on someone who did something terrible to them.
I am noticing how such stuff increasingly gets likened to rape though. To the point "mind rape" is starting to actually become an expression. I guess it has something to do with how it draws attention. Mention the R-word, and you're virtually guaranteed to stir up a hornet's nest and draw people in, some with points to make, while some merely stop and gloat at the trainwreck.

And it's virtually always at least a "loss of innocence" thing.

Don't really see why rape should be singled out for criticism.
Well, to put it into the immortal words of Abe Simpson, by doing so you're currently "with it". Eventually, we'll move on to something else, but for now this topic still manages to draw enough attention that it's perpetuated.
 

MeChaNiZ3D

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Maleficent did not get raped. She suffered something similarly traumatic and compromising, but rape has a definition, and it does not include that.

But that aside, no. Not all characters that have been raped have their life revolve around the fact that they were raped. Lara Croft was almost raped, Ellie of The Last of Us was almost raped, Lisbeth Salander was definitely raped, and they are all (with the possible exception of the first but not for reasons related to the incident) good characters with actions and motivations and whatever else. Although admittedly I haven't seen many rapists who turn out to be decent characters otherwise, although in TLoU's case, it did at least serve to exemplify the character's descent into depravity from having been a somewhat reasonable person.

So basically, rape victims are done well often enough, rapists not so much.
 

IllumInaTIma

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It really depends... I mean sure, saying that character is a rapist is one of the fastest and easiest ways of showing that they are completely evil. It's right up there with killing puppies. However, rape doesn't always define both attacker and the victim. Take Jack from Mass Effect 2 for example. She simply states that she was raped during her travels like it's not a big deal. It's used to show just how jaded and messed up her past is and that sole event doesn't define her character.
Also, if you mentioned Maleficent, it's worth noting that in fiction many events are allegories of rape. Like in Maleficent! Another example is Korra in first season of Legend of Korra. During her first confrontation with Amon she was attacked in a very dark place by a number of men and then their leader, Amon, basically broke her spirit with a couple of words. It wasn't literally a rape, but parallels are there for everyone to see. It showed the audience just how dangerous Amon is, how not prepared Korra was and that also gave her a motivation for self improvement. By the end of the season she got over it and that event wasn't mentioned again.
So, yeah, maybe I'm speaking out of my ass, but that's what it all boils down to. As Fappy said it's just another narrative instrument and it all depends on how it's used.
 

verdant monkai

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Thunderous Cacophony said:
who wouldn't give her anything but support in casting down her rapists?
Rapists?

Didnt she get raped by one guy? Yet she is taking it out on a whole kingdom? Shes just being a *****.

Seems too me everyone one is giving her a free pass just because she got raped. Just because someone raped you deosn't make it ok to go around frightening and hurting innocents.
 

Vault101

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MeChaNiZ3D said:
Maleficent did not get raped. She suffered something similarly traumatic and compromising, but rape has a definition, and it does not include that.
I don't know weather or not its intentional but it does "invoke" a very similar feeling

there was a scene from Bioshock Infinite: Bural at sea

[spoiler/]where Elizabeth almost gets lobotomized, I don't know about anyone else but aside from OH GOD WHAT? I was also really unpleasantly reminded of rape....because in a way it is...it goes inside you and damages, takes away a part of who you are *shudder*[/spoiler]

LetalisK said:
What?

Okay, are the story tellers actually using the clipping of her wings as a metaphor for rape(because betrayal, attempted murder turned mutilation, and being permanently grounded clearly aren't traumatic enough for some reason) or are some critics getting rape-happy with their own interpretations? Either way seems pretty disappointing.
again it may not be intentional on the filmakers part...and even if it is can such comparisons be avoided? should we avoid such comparisons altogether?
 

LetalisK

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What?

Okay, are the story tellers actually using the clipping of her wings as a metaphor for rape(because betrayal, attempted murder turned mutilation, and being permanently grounded clearly aren't traumatic enough for some reason) or are some critics getting rape-happy with their own interpretations? Either way seems pretty disappointing.
 

Fox12

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I strongly disagree for several reasons.

First of all, rape can be incorporated into a story in a meaningful way. A good example is the aforementioned Berserk. That moment is pivotal for every character, and defines the story from there on. However, the characters are more complex then "rapist bad, heroes good." Though the pivotal action was unforgivable, it is believable from those characters points of view. It's also essential to the story, beyond a mere revenge quest.

[spoiler/] When Griffith possess Caskas unborn child, it is strongly implied that he retained some sliver of humanity. This is importent, as he is supposed to have given up human emotions, like empathy and guilt. This means that his most heinous crime could be his undoing much later. It's certainly the only ***** in his armor we've seen thus far.[/spoiler]

The second reason is because writing is very therapeutic. There are many rape survivors who have written about the experience, either literally or through fiction. It can also be therapeutic for some individuals to read those books and deal with the trauma on their own terms in a safe environment.

George Carlin claimed that you can make a joke about anything. I hold that the same is true for drama. It doesn't mean it is always done well, and when it's done badly the results are usually catastrophic. But, if handled with care, it CAN be done.
 

sextus the crazy

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bartholen said:
Berserk and such.
Yeah that was a good example of it being used well.

OT: Rape is perfectly fine to use as a story element, but you better know what you're doing if you handle it. It's perhaps one of the worst things you can do to someone and as such carries a great deal of baggage that lesser writers aren't able to handle. It has to be treated with a great deal of respect and care.
 

MeChaNiZ3D

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Vault101 said:
MeChaNiZ3D said:
Maleficent did not get raped. She suffered something similarly traumatic and compromising, but rape has a definition, and it does not include that.
I don't know weather or not its intentional but it does "invoke" a very similar feeling

there was a scene from Bioshock Infinite: Bural at sea

[spoiler/]where Elizabeth almost gets lobotomized, I don't know about anyone else but aside from OH GOD WHAT? I was also really unpleasantly reminded of rape....because in a way it is...it goes inside you and damages, takes away a part of who you are *shudder*[/spoiler]

LetalisK said:
What?

Okay, are the story tellers actually using the clipping of her wings as a metaphor for rape(because betrayal, attempted murder turned mutilation, and being permanently grounded clearly aren't traumatic enough for some reason) or are some critics getting rape-happy with their own interpretations? Either way seems pretty disappointing.
again it may not be intentional on the filmakers part...and even if it is can such comparisons be avoided? should we avoid such comparisons altogether?
It does invoke a rape-like impression, but I think it's only because rape is the prominent device for female characters. I would group all of these soul-destroying events in a category with losing your parents for child characters, your children for adult characters, your dominant hand for warriors or artisans, your memory or identity, and other things that are often used to fundamentally change a character.
 

Something Amyss

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I think part of the problem is that we're dealing with media where the cheap way is often employed. Violence and combat is often the cheapest way for conflict resolution, which is one of the reason so many TV shows/movies/video games/tabletop RPGs/books use it. Torture has become more and more popular both as conflict resolution and character development, too. These are often used cheap and lazily because they get a response. It's the equivalent of insulting the local sports team as a pro wrestler to get booed.

Now, you can argue over whether or not rape is worse than murder and/or torture[footnote]I really hope I don't start that tangent, but I really did want to make this point[/footnote], but that's not why I'm bringing them up. I'm talking about why rape gets used and how it isn't just about the cheap portrayal of it, but of a rather cheap and lazy mindset. Violence and torture can be used to strong effect, and so can rape, but often it just ends up as shorthand. I sometimes think the creators don't know how to get out of a situation, so "break out the guns."

There's also stuff like "racist" as shorthand for evil. I mean, I don't like racism any more than the next person, but it's lazy to have a villain start dropping N-bombs for no apparent reason other than "your local sports team sucks."

I don't know the context here with Maleificent, so I neither know where they were going or how they actually accomplished it (I mean, specifically, I gather her wings were clipped). It sounds like it was unintentional and they didn't think it through. But I have to speak in broad terms because I don't know the specifics here. But the topic as a whole? A lot of it comes down to lazy portrayal in the first place.
 

Vegosiux

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DANGER- MUST SILENCE said:
3) By so much media putting rape as the ultimate stakes-raiser gimmick in entertainment, it has led to a twisted elevation of rape into something in the cultural consciousness that I think makes it harder for rape victims to overcome their trauma. I routinely see people (especially boys) on the Internet claiming that a woman being raped is worse than death because she has to live with it. Now while it's possible that some of these boys are speaking from personal experience, given the frequency and casual way that this sentiment is usually expressed, I doubt it. This is very bad for society because the more we build up rape as the ultimate form of violence, the harder we make it for real victims to come to terms with it.
Alright, see, this is something I've never actually thought of before, but it makes perfect sense. (Though I will maintain that whether anything is or isn't "worse than death" is an entirely subjective matter).

And yes, if I'm reading you right there, I think I agree on the point that rape needs to be "de-mystified".
 

GabeZhul

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I disagree. Rape is just another plot-device, and while it is often overburdened by a bunch of related tropes (the thing about the fact of the rape often completely overwhelming the character is sadly all too common) it is in no way something inherently bad (as a literary trope, I mean).

However, for the question of why it is considered so bad, I always had a pet theory: we consider rape worse than murder and at times even worse than torture (e.g.: Leia was tortured in the New Hope, but it is completely forgotten afterwards; if she was raped on the other hand...) for two reasons.

1- Unlike murder, rape is something you commit for only one reason. You can kill to protect yourself, your loved ones, to avenge, for the greater good, etc. There are a lot of situations where murder is relatable, if not necessarily justified. Rape on the other hand can be done for only two things: carnal self-gratification of the rapist and humiliation of the victim, and the two are generally linked. You can argue about all the details about how rape or murder is worse or which causes more damage/pain/etc, but at the end of the day we feel more aversion towards rape than murder because rape is so simple and driven only by negative, animalistic urges that we simply cannot justify.

2- The other reason we hate rape is because we are conditioned to do so, and I don't mean it in the "social justice" kind of way. We are conditioned to hate it by media, ancient and modern alike (though the further we go back in time, the more accepted rape seems to be, probably because of the lack of women's rights and such, but I digress).

Think about it: who are the people who kill in fiction? Villains and heroes alike, often indiscriminately in the name of their goals and usually feeling completely justified in doing. Murder by the villains is a given while murder by the heroes is so mundane we often don't even notice it. When was the last time you ever wondered about the moral high-ground of your character in an RPG after viciously eviscerating a band of goblins? Or when was the last time you thought about the lives of the people you snuff out from behind the barrel of a gun in an FPS? You don't even think about it, because they are just obstacles and killing them serves the greater good (either narratively, or giving you shiny new loot).

Now then, the next question: who rapes in fiction? The villains, full stop. It is the one thing the heroes never do unless it is a signal of them crossing the moral even horizon and becoming villains themselves. It is the one act where justifications fall short. You can justify genocide in a story if you set up the race genocided to be "evil" enough, but you cannot justify rape (well, unless it's one of those weird lighthearted Japanese eroges where it is more comedic than anything, but I digress, those titles have a very different set of tropes than the ones I am discussing here).

This means that, from a young age, we are shown that rape is something that only "evil" people do and something that we would naturally never want to emulate (after all, we are all heroes of our own lives and good, right?).
This is the reason that to this day I am thoroughly baffled every simple time the term "rape culture" comes up (usually by some sort of weird, far-out feminist argument) when we can demonstrably show that rape is the single most vilified thing in western culture, and for good reason.
 

Hagi

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OT: Game of Thrones might be quite a good counter-example to this.

Daenerys gets raped, she's hardly defined by it.
Khal Drogo is a rapist, he's hardly defined by it.
Gilly gets raped, many times, she's hardly defined by it.
The Night's Watch seems to be compromised of about 25% rapists, also not defined by it.

Probably many more examples, GoT isn't really very shy about rape.

GabeZhul said:
1- Unlike murder, rape is something you commit for only one reason. You can kill to protect yourself, your loved ones, to avenge, for the greater good, etc. There are a lot of situations where murder is relatable, if not necessarily justified. Rape on the other hand can be done for only two things: carnal self-gratification of the rapist and humiliation of the victim, and the two are generally linked. You can argue about all the details about how rape or murder is worse or which causes more damage/pain/etc, but at the end of the day we feel more aversion towards rape than murder because rape is so simple and driven only by negative, animalistic urges that we simply cannot justify.
Murder is generally seen as the subset of killing that isn't for justifiable reasons and is premeditated. You never murder in self-defense, that's a contradiction. You kill in self-defense.

Even then you're probably right, for most it's probably easier to relate to a premeditated unjustifiable murder than to a rape.