As a political term,
Tory was an insult (derived from the
Middle Irish word
tóraidhe, modern
Irish tóraí, meaning "
outlaw", "robber", from the Irish word
tóir, meaning "pursuit" since outlaws were "pursued men")[9][10] that entered
English politics during the
Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681.
Whig (from
whiggamore, a "cattle driver") was initially a Scottish insult for the
Covenanter faction in Scotland who opposed the
Engagers (a faction who supported
Charles I during the
Second English Civil War) and supported the
Whiggamore Raid that took place in September 1648.[11] While the
Whigs were those who supported the exclusion of
James, the Duke of York from the succession to thrones of
Scotland and
England and
Ireland (the
Petitioners), the
Tories were those who opposed the
Exclusion Bill (the
Abhorrers).