In truth, the Civil Rights Act wouldn't have happened without both of those things. Had the mass movement gone ahead during a Goldwater presidency, there would have been no Act. As retrograde as the Democratic Party of the sixties was, it was still more sympathetic to the Act, and the only one of the two parties that would have implemented it in any circumstance.
Progressivism absolutely requires mass movement, direct action, protest, and civil disobedience. But these things cannot pass legislation. They can create pressure to do so, but you need at least some willingness in government to concede. With a Republican victory in '63, the US would not have had the Civil Rights Act in '64, mass movement or no.