Here are my top 12 Things Video Games Teach:
12. Tetris Effect
"When people devote sufficient time and attention to an activity, it begins to overshadow their thoughts, mental images, and dreams."
So prevalent in videogames, it's named after one. The Tetris Effect got its name when people who play enough hours of Tetris began to see shaped fall when they dream, space out, and even in their peripheral vision when they are awake. These hallucinations are actually simulations your brain is doing during its idle time to practice or work out problems. It's a habit that actually improves the benefits of practicing any activity, pro-athletes do this with their training and scientists do this with math equations.
11. Self-motivation
"Fantastic. You remained resolute and resourceful in an atmosphere of extreme pessimism."
A reward has a greater impact if people receive it immediately after performing a task, which will condition them to enjoy performing the activity. Videogames thrive on this principle to keep you playing. Using things like happy sounds, flashing lights, and high scores to occur whenever you do something right in the videogame. Learning how to have fun through this encouragement teaches you to have fun learning to do other things right.
10. Breadcrumbs
"History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. History is who we are and why we are the way we are."
One of the biggest learning curves to playing modern videogames is being able to build a three dimensional map of the area you are moving around it, as you travel down a linear path. In real life, most people avoid getting lost by remembering a series of directions or recalling landmarks, without having a map inside there head to immediately know their relative position to the path they have taken, along with everything they can extrapolate from that in all directions. Being able to do this is a huge advantage to getting around; scouts and snipers in the military are tested in this skill before getting the position. Recent videogames have started to include heads-up map displays to aid players without the skill.
9. Resolve
"Never admit defeat. Endure whatever pain you may face, and fight until your last breath, as a human being. Even if you are ugly, and pathetic, and broken."
Continue? It is a common question you're face with playing a videogame. There is often no other way to learn how to beat a videogame without some trial and error. A videogame considered easy, can still involve dying in the videogame over a hundred times, without the average player noticing. Players use these failures as learning exercises, testing hypothesis, and following the scientific method of experimentation to get the most out of each attempt. After all, it's not really Game Over, until you give up.
8. Ingenuity
"Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity."
Figuring out what you're supposed to do, is what you are supposed to do in most videogames. Common objectives include: get a high score, move to a goal at the end of the stage, annihilate your foes, solve a puzzle, complete a quest, and survive. However, the way in which you accomplish these objectives is left up to the player to solve. The thought process of figuring out how to do this is the same as for all problem solving: Take the tools you have and use them to eliminate the obstacles preventing you from reaching the desired objective. Videogames are all about giving players new tools and obstacles, forcing players to break down any new obstacle into a problem space, based on the possible tools available that could solve it, in order to solve each problem with the greatest efficiency.
7. Reflexes
"Life is an incessant series of problems; all difficult, with brutally limited choices and a time limit. Every moment hesitated is a moment gone from life. The worst thing you can do is to make no choice, waiting for the ideal conclusion to present itself."
Videogames force you to act and react quickly, even when you don't know what the right choice is, even if nothing you can do is the right choice. The stakes for losing are often a lot less than real life, but players are nevertheless invested in the progress they made in a game, because their choices and actions brought them to where there are now. So while videogames made not teach players to make tough decisions, they do teach players to make fast decisions. And the best way to learn to make a decision in the shortest period of time is practice through repetition, as the experience will develop instinctive responses and build confidence in the choices the player makes so they will not hesitate.
6. Timing
"There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven."
Having a sense of rhythm is something you learn, not something you are born with. In videogames, everything follows the rhythm and flow of the game, and often the most important decision is not what you do, but when you do it. Rhythm base videogames are nothing but timing when you hit a button to the beat of the music, but this is a skill that is needed in any real-time game. Often, the music of the game is used by players as a metronome to help time their actions correctly. When patterns in the rhythm of game play are discovered a player begins to see gambits.
5. Gambit
"What went right? What went wrong? Was it the story - or was it the song? Was it overnight - or did it take you long? Was knowing your weakness what made you strong?"
The term gambit is thrown around a lot in gaming, but what it really refers to is the realization that no action is standalone. All actions are accompanied with precursors and follow-up events, which make a pattern. Recognizing these patterns and designing patterns to optimize or disguise a particular action is what learning gambits is all about. It's not just knowing what to do, it's knowing what you need to do before you can do it and what you will have to do following it.
4. Anticipation
"Nothin' beat surprise-'cept rock."
If gambits are about knowing yourself, then anticipation is about knowing others. Videogames are coded to run on a loop, and actions are often committed before they are executed. Computer opponents often signal their next move, follow a pattern of actions, or makes a judgment based on certain factors at the start of the loop to determine its next action. In every case, it is possible to learn to anticipate a computer. Human opponents are more random, but good players learn gambits, which gives them patterns you can also pick up on.
3. Metagame
"The key to strategy is not to choose a path to victory, but to choose so that all paths lead to a victory."
When you have anticipated what gambits are currently strongest in the current environment of a videogame and anticipated what gambits have become stronger due to being effective counters against those, then you have started discussing the metagame. Metagame is discussed by two groups, those trying to show off new ideas and those searching for the ideas to give them a competitive advantage. Metagame goes beyond being one move ahead of your opponent, it's about seeing the big picture, to know how things will affect your strategy and the strategy of your opponent.
2. Invention
"Everybody has a secret world inside of them. All of the people of the world, I mean everybody. No matter how dull and boring they are on the outside, inside them they've all got unimaginable, magnificent, wonderful, stupid, amazing worlds. Not just one world. Hundreds of them. Thousands maybe."
Games give players the opportunity to express themselves by how they play them. So naturally, they also give players the opportunity to see how others show off their creativity. Since videogames are an interactive media, they force players to make choices that express themselves and then force players to realize the creative ideas they just had, by giving immediate feedback. While there is no simple method to learn how to be more creative, repeating these steps over and over is the method most acclaim creative geniuses suggest doing to keep their creative juices flowing, and videogames encourage doing just that.
1. Immersion
"People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel."
Discussing the importance for immersion in learning would be like discussing the importance for art in culture. Being able to immerse yourself in an experience you would otherwise never have, allows you to grow as an individual, by being able to reflect on the emotion that experience gave, you learn a bit about yourself and human beings in general. Videogames are capable of more immersion, because you are invested in the character whose experience you are sharing, their actions are your actions and their losses are your losses. Videogames also typically last longer than an average movie or book, and the Tetris Effect for highly immersive videogames means players are often kept in that emotional state while they are not playing the videogame in the days or weeks it takes to complete. And players resolve pushes them to continue playing, even if that emotion is unpleasant. So videogames are able to make players face their fears and the darker sides to themselves, to better deal with these emotions and to learn what they're made of.