Captain Blackout said:
I suspect what you're getting at with this is the following: We can see the physical underpinnings of qualia by closely examining brain function.
Exactly!
The two are not the same. However it would interesting to note that the process you describe works both ways. If I see red, you can see the "red" neurons light up in my head. If I imagine "red" you'd see the same thing. Essentially qualia and brain function affect each other.
Yes, they aren't the same, but they correlate and we can draw conclusions from one to the other (that's what I meant with things we can't perceive but see the results of them anyway).
And this technique is rather recent, it's only been in general use for about two decades!
By the way, memory activation was a part of the experiment I mentioned, too.
If we look beyond just our own experience as humans the problem becomes significantly more challenging.
Yes, I agree with you there. That's what I meant with all this talk about differences in receptors and various levels of consciousness we attribute to different animals...
I guess we can assume that it'd be easier with animals that more closely resemble us, if we're trying to see the whole picture.
Your contention is that we will eventually be able to, based on a belief that all processes can (eventually) be quantified.
*Nods*
Looking back at just the last 50 years of technological development, I believe that there's a lot in store for us.
I believe (eventually) someone will discover a proof as to why qualia can't be quantified and furthermore that proof will not rely on the supernatural or proof of a mind/body dualism. We will simply understand qualia well enough to say "of course they can't be quantified, that's how qualia work."
Hm, while I doubt it, I guess it's possible.
Obviously we can't know yet; but do you have any theory as to why it could be their nature to never be quantifiable?
(layman's term for things outside of physics)
Looks like it, yeah.
Data to a computer is all 1's and 0's. We are capable of apprehending more than that. Computers are limited to a binary logic, humans can work with uncertainty and use a more complicated data set. Instead of simply on/off, we can handle on/off/both/neither. Given this, while the input may be in the form of 1's and 0's (which I suspect is not the case with all senses) the qualia formed from the input need not be.
Well, you could probably tell this was coming a mile away, but...
While our mind is a lot more complex, the very basic principles are the same. So, to me, it's quite conceivable to have real (i.e. conscious) AI one day.
The actual neuronal networking really works in a sequential form of binary. There is off ("resting potential"). And there is on ("action potential"). And information really is coded in sequences of on/off. There is no middleground between on and off in our neural circuitry. It's called the all-or-none law [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_or_none_law] which states that, if a cell's potential is changed enough, it'll send out an action potential. If, however, the threshold is not reached, none of the signal information (for example, a change of potential through receptor activation) is transmitted to the brain. This "weak", analogue information is lost, whereas "strong" information is transformed into digital information, a series of signals (with the action potentials' frequency based on the strength and duration of the potential-change).
Our receptor cells work based on analogue information whereas our nerve cells transmit information digitally.
If we accept this first, maybe we can also accept that lifeforms are really biomechanical machines that have, over the course of hundreds of millions of years, developed from simple automatons to conscious beings, able to contemplate their own existence.
It's all quite fascinating to me.
What computers today lack, is the ability to change and adapt themselves over time. If we get past that, the rest'll fall into place automatically.
How do we explore the nature of qualia without relying on neuroscience, so as to know that we are dealing with qualia and not the physical precursor processes?
Hm, I have to admit that the differentiation is still difficult for me.
If we abandon neuroscience for a moment, it really does come down to philosophy I guess.
Not my strongest side.
We can try to go along using thought experiments, but truly
experiencing a qualia seems impossible to me, unless we are willing to do damage to ourselves.
How do I mean that?
Well, we know that sometimes amputees still "feel" their lost limbs (a phantom limb), specifically if they weren't properly anesthetized during the procedure. These limbs experience pains or throbbing or itching or any kind of strange and impossible sensation (because the representation of the limb in the brain has not been properly deleted).
I guess one willing to go through a similar damaging procedure themselves could experience the change in perspective and experience what is the core of these thought experiments firsthand. This could also be applied to other areas, such as willfully damaging your own retinas to change your visual perception.
Of course, neither of these are fit for scientific experimentation, so the next best thing'd probably be to question people who suffered such fates through accident about changes in perspective. I wonder if such a study exists?
And, considering the adaptability of the brain, I wonder if such a study would even yield any conclusive results?
You'd need people who can clearly remember and differentiate between the two states before and after the accident. And memory isn't the most reliable source of information...
Furthermore, while these people may experience a change of perception, we get back to the crux of the matter: We can question them. But can they answer properly?
With technology, we'd get objective data, patterns of brain activation or whatever.
But with a questionnaire we'd - sigh, again - rely on language.
Maybe I'm just thinking too scientifically but I can't really think of any other way to approach this problem.