331 BC ? Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
959 ? Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.
1189 ? Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, is killed in the Siege of Acre.
1553 ? Coronation of Queen Mary I of England
1787 ? Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn.
1791 ? First session of the French Legislative Assembly.
1795 ? Belgium is conquered by France.
1800 ? Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
1811 ? The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana.
1814 ? Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.
1827 ? The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.
1829 ? South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; it will later separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.
1843 ? The News of the World tabloid begins publication in London.
1847 ? German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
1854 ? The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American system of watch manufacturing.
1869 ? Austria issues the world's first postcards.
1880 ? John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Band.
1880 ? First electric lamp factory is opened by Thomas Edison.
1887 ? Balochistan is conquered by the British Empire.
1890 ? The Yosemite National Park and the Yellowstone National Park are established by the U.S. Congress.
1891 ? In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
1898 ? Czar Nikolay II expels Jews from major Russian cities.
1898 ? The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
1903 ? Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
1905 ? Franti?ek Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leo? Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.
1908 ? Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825.
1910 ? Los Angeles Times bombing: A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
1918 ? World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
1920 ? Sir Percy Cox lands in Basra to assume his responsibilities as high commissioner in Iraq.
1928 ? The Soviet Union introduces its First Five-Year Plan.
1931 ? The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
1936 ? Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
1937 ? The Japanese city Handa is founded in Aichi Prefecture.
1938 ? Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
1939 ? After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile forces enter the city.
1940 ? The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
1942 ? USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she is carrying British PoWs from Hong Kong
1942 ? First flight of the Bell XP-59 "Aircomet".
1943 ? World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.
1946 ? Nazi leaders are sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
1946 ? Mensa International is founded in the United Kingdom.
1947 ? The F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.
1949 ? The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
1957 ? First appearance of In God We Trust on U.S. paper currency.
1958 ? NASA is created to replace NACA.
1960 ? Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1961 ? East and West Cameroon merge to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon.
1962 ? First broadcast of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
1964 ? The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
1964 ? Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
1965 ? Apostasia of 1965, a political move in Greece designed to overthrow the Prime Minister, George Papandreou.
1965 ? General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.
1966 ? West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with eighteen fatalities and no survivors 5.5 miles south of Wemme, Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.
1968 ? The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
1969 ? Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
1971 ? Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, United States.
1975 ? The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
1975 ? Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
1978 ? Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1978 ? The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
1979 ? The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
1982 ? Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
1982 ? EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
1982 ? Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
1985 ? The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
1987 ? The Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley, registering as magnitude 5.9.
1989 ? Denmark introduces the world's first legal modern same-sex civil union called "registered partnership".
1991 ? New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 comes into force.
1992 ? Turkish destroyer TCG Muavenet is crippled causing 27 deaths and injuries, by missiles negligently launched by U.S. aircraft carrier USS Saratoga.
1994 ? Palau gains independence from the United Nations (trusteeship administered by the United States of America).
1998 ? Vladimir Putin becomes a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
2009 ? The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.