Swollen Goat said:
Basically, what I'm trying to argue is that the US backed
themselves into a corner and then claimed that it did what it had to. That's why I brought up the origins of the war, to draw parallels. So, sorry but you're going to have to bear my discussions on the beginning and the end.
The behaviour of the Japanese (from my understanding) is that they acted similarly to European powers beforehand. Japan, like Germany, was 'late to the party' for colonisation and, within that century, the European nations had participated in a colonial land-grab in Africa with brutality that was similar to what Japan did with the civilians and POWs under its control in WW2. It doesn't excuse Japanese actions but it explains their anger at the hypocrisy of the West for denying Japan the opportunities they had. From our context, the Japanese acted inappropriately but, for a young nation that wanted to take its place amongst the Great Powers of the time set in the early 20th century, they acted predictably.
Combined with the extreme nationalists that ran Japan at the time, the offer for a peace treaty with China was (at the time) a very generous proposal which brings me to my argument that the US backed Japan into a corner with Pearl Harbour. Either Japan lost its colonial possessions, which not only sullied its honour (which, I assume, would be pretty big back then) but also affirmed within Japan the hypocrisy of the West; or it 'liberated' Asia from Western hegemony. I don't condone what Japan did but I can understand why they did it.
The whole reason I bring the start of the war up, like I said before, was to show that the US acted in a way so that the A-bomb was the only option available to them. The entire world, at the time before the bomb, knew that the US would win the war and it was only a matter of time. Japan's strategy was to sue for peace, which I argue could have occurred if the US had agreed to safeguard the Emperor. From what I've understood, the Japanese were so fanatical because of the Emperor and if the Emperor was protected, the Japanese would have gone along with complete disarmament. While we can only speculate, I say that the success of the Occupation that occurred showed how that Japanese would completely disarm, at the orders of the US, as long as the Emperor was safe. If the Americans offered a peace treaty which ordered complete disarmament but guaranteed the Imperial Family's safety, I think the Japanese would have surrendered. At least, the Americans could then, and only then, claim that the A-bombs were a last resort.
You bring up the point that, from a purely military point of view, the A-bombs would have been used. I'm sure you've read the argument that the A-bomb was (arguably) used to scare the Soviets. If the Americans could have gotten peace through negotiations, then one of the major drivers to use the weapons would be to not only scare the Soviets but stop the spread of communism, both in Eastern Europe (as the Red Army liberated the region from Nazism) and also in Asia (as the Soviets did not enter the war).
Note: FDR was not the only world leader who wanted to intervene in the Sino-Japanese War, especially since one of the major ways the Nationalists were supplied was through the Burma Road, a British initiative. While WW2 was the start of US 'world policing', at the beginning, the US was only interested in the conflict to ensure their interests of trade relations with China and their colonial possessions (the only one I can think of is the Philippines).
Note (2): The removal of the Kaiser was one, albeit a very important, reason as to why the Weimar Republic failed. The Allies lacked the foresight in regards to Germany in a lot of areas (economically, for one). Even though the Kaiser was a poor leader, if he had stayed (as a constitutional monarch) then the Weimar government may have had support from the people and so, it may have survived. I've heard there were calls to keep the Kaiser as a constitutional monarch but Wilson insisted the Kaiser abdicate.
The parallels between Germany and Japan are eerie. Basically, if the Treaty of Versailles was as thorough with Germany as the Allied occupation of Japan was, then the Nazis could not have come into power.