The Malazan Book of the Fallen series, by Steven Erikson (and Ian C. Esselmont), is a fantastic set of books.
Erikson is an archaeologist and anthropologist by trade, and it's resulted in one of the most well thought-out fantasy worlds I've seen, with a (relevant, active) history stretching back millions of years and taking into account both biological and sociological evolution, plus geographic changes in the land itself. The characterisation is brilliant, as well, with a cast ranging from slaves and rank-and-file soldiers to elder gods and immortal ascendants, with interplay at all levels.