No it doesn't but since you have to unlock parts through the science tree it does focus you on limiting your objectives. I.e the old system gave you everything you needed to go to Eeloo right from the word go all that was lacking was the users actual ability. Now the Career mode gives you contracts, combined with the science tree unlocks it means your sites are set closer to home from the start with you spreading out in to the Kerbol System as you gain science and new tech alongside contracts (missions) to preform certain tasks.Does the career mode help you learn how to do things now? Like how to actually land on Mun? How to dock? Because I still suck at docking and orbital intercepts.
Eventually I'm gonna get back to that game.
Sorry but landing, orbital transfers and docking is all stuff you have to learn by yourself, and just to add to this you can now download the IXS Enterprise which now means that you have to learn how to do orbital intercepts using faster than light drive.