I know your questions are directed to Jim Sterling, but your comment caught my eyes and I would like to share my opinion about it.
DrOswald said:
Is the character of Bayonetta a contributing factor to the objectification of women in video games even though she is portrayed more as an idealized woman than a sex object?
Bayonetta is a tricky subject. Because there is one side that see objectification in her and another side who see her as idealised and as a female power fantasy like Kratos is for men.
I'd say there is a bit of both. I would like to know what the author intended for her but it wouldn't really change the mind of anybody. Both stance do stand.
Personally I interpret her more as a power fantasy, she is definitely sexualised a lot but, and you summarised it well, I don't feel she is objectified.
But still her look is mostly designed with a male ideal of beauty. Also "beauty" is not an important part of an empowerment fantasy. (look at Kratos, the sex is part of the fantasy but he doesn't need to be handsome or desirable, he just take what he wants) Also we can't deny the whole male gaze with camera angles and the power of stripping.
Yet, I still think she is a power fantasy but I think the creators wanted to still appeal to the male audience but with a hint of "reversing" in it. If you see what I mean, like, they took the usually over sexualised character and gave her power, agency, character. Somehow, a bit like Dante, who is a textbook male fantasy but they also clearly sexualised him a bit for the female audience.
DrOswald said:
If Bayonetta has been created by women to appeal to women but was otherwise identical, would the character still be considered an example of objectification? Should the character still be considered an example of objectification?
I don't really have an answer to this question. I don't think it needs one but I found it funny because I thought, at first, that Bayonetta was designed by a woman. I don't think I would have a different opinion if I knew from start she was designed by a man since my very first impression was bad. And I only started to see the character behind the sexualisation when I heard about the game story and all. But the trailers gave me a bad "porno in sheep's clothings" vibe. Then I saw the gameplay (and the level and enemy design) leaned about the story and the character.
DrOswald said:
In the video game community, there is a certain reaction to female characters. These characters are always condemned as objectification of women, etc. We praise the any female character that is non-sexual, often holding them up as examples of strong female characters even when their only defining feature is a lack of sexuality in a crowd of highly sexual female characters. On the other hand, developers are criticized for creating any hint of sexuality in a female character, even in female characters that are strong female characters in every respect. The most recent character I can bring forward as an example is Elizabeth of Bioshock infinite.
I think you are wrong here. There is a definite difference between sexualisation and objectification. (And there is even a difference between sexual and sexualised but that's another topic.) The problem is that they often go hand in hand. But to just give a single example or two, or three.
Peach, Zelda, Samus.
Peach is not sexualised at all with her relatively "cartoony" almost chibi proportions and art style I am not sure we can even consider her sexy. She is not sexual in the slightest, yet she's very much objectified in most games. Actually in every game where she is not played she is a textbook damsel in distress. Which means she's just a goal, an object.
What I mean is that a character can be objectified without being sexualised.
Samus was sexualised even in the nes, just a bit, if you were fast enough. We can even say it was quite objectifying to make of her body a trophy to earn the right to oogle. On the other side, with nes graphics, it would be hard to show she is actually female without showing her in bikini or with a dress. Anyway, it's part of her character that, under her armor, she is a very sexy woman. And she is a textbook female power fantasy. Even when they gave her her infamous Zero Suit, there have been a little uproar but almost everyone rolled with it and, in the end, it did not deter her character.
Until, Another M, which totally changed Samus and stripped her of almost everything that made her a power fantasy.
My point is we can make a character sexy and even sexualise her without objectifying her.
Zelda is a bit more complicated. But we can agree that she is not sexualised (or at least not much) and that she do get "damsel in distressed" in every game WITHOUT losing her character, her agency, her importance nor her power. Some argue that it is still objectification. I say yes. But I don't say just "yes". I say "yes, but" ! She is objectified temporarily in every game, but what I really remember Zelda for is not her time as a captive but rather all the other badass things she did, does, is aknowledged doing. So we can't really say that Zelda is an "objectified character" since she doesn't lose power, agency, relevance or character. We rarely see female character doing things on screen but, with Zelda, we really get the vibe that it is her story and Link is the side character that helps her attain her goals.
Zelda is Batman and you play Robin in the very moment where Batman needs you, but it's still clear that Batman did and does most of the work.
What I'm trying to say is agency, power, responsability is not a matter of protagonist, main character or anything. Zelda is a supporting character and still is more empowered than Link. And Link isn't objectified at all either. It shows we can make games without objectifying anyone with good writing.
Zelda serie is basically a power fantasy for everyone. (even bronies, epona is such a bad ass)
DrOswald said:
The vast majority of people loved Elisabeth, but the criticism I most often saw against her was that her dress showed off too much cleavage and that this cheapened the character. And it is true that the dress she wears is sexy. But it is hardly an objectifying sexuality. And this is only one of many examples I could bring to the table.
I think the criticism comes more from the fact Ken Levine said that he was surprised that peoples oogle at Elizabeth, even saying something along the line of "people on internet think much more about her breasts than we did". Which means that they didn't sexualise her dress on purpose with the intent to make her sexy. (Considering who she is, it would have been a bad idea) But that they made her sexy "by default". They certainly wanted her to be attractive and I don't think they went "What is attractive ? Oh I know, boobs, cleavage and corsets !" they came to that outfit "naturally" without having sexualisation in mind. And that, to me, is the problem with her design. It's not that sexualisation is bad, it just show a weird idea about female beauty being equal to sexuality.
Also I just think it is not the kind of character that benefits from sexualisation. But the character is still likable and the game still good.
But that's sexualisation, not objectification. So, what about it ? Well, there is this little fact that Ken Levine wanted her to pose on the box art and publisher didn't want that. They put her on the rear cover and decided to make an "america fuck yeah bro dude FPS" front cover. That, to some peoples, felt like they dropped the ball for Elizabeth and agreed to present her as less important, less a character, less a person than Booker.
Now, I have some kind of question too. If Ken Levine did not talk about his failed struggle to put her forward would anyone have raised an eyebrow at the cover featuring her only on the back ?
I don't think so, if anything he put the issue forward and made peoples aware that even such small detail is important. So, yeah, I don't think Bioshock or Ken Levine deserve the heat they get about this whole sexualisation and objectification. If anything they are good examples of trying to progress with the gender issue.
DrOswald said:
It seems to me that the forward thinking video game community has settled into a dangerous position against female sexuality. So many of us have been fighting for so long against negative depictions of female sexuality that we automatically react any depiction of female sexuality as a bad thing. We are essentially embracing a very old and very damaging idea: That women are not to be sexual.
Again, I think you are wrong. As stated above, and as my Kratos example shows, there is a difference between Sexuality, Sexualisation and Objectification. But the three often like to go hand in hand ... in hand. So it's easy to bunch the three together.
As an example Kratos is not sexualised, is not objectified but he is very much sexual. Peach is neither sexual nor sexualised and yet she's objectified. Zelda is not sexual at all, maybe a bit sexualised, and not objectified (even with her little "damsel in distress" moment. Samus is sexualised, not sexual and not objectified too. (Unless you take another M but I try to forget about this mess) And Bayonetta is very sexualised, definitely sexual yet manages to not be objectified.
I don't think the gaming community is against sexual female. Also I don't think the enemy is "negative depiction of female sexuality". If anything most peoples, or at least most feminists, want the female sexuality to be more depicted in all shapes and form. Sexuality doesn't have to be good, it doesn't have to be bad, it can get ugly too. The problem with female sexuality in games is that, usually, the woman is passive and not that sexual. They are just a sex toy for the male character and lose any little agency or character they may have had in the first place.
Sexuality is complex and media often simplify all of this to a rather stupid "ideal" of sex where men are aggressive, predatory, pushing while women are passive trophies that requires men to complete some task or compete with others to earn.
And it's not just sex but also romance in general, in video games romance is about studying your prey, learning what she needs, wants, like, and exploit them until she agrees to let you get in her pants.
Personally I much prefer no representation at all than a bad representation. Now, I know I'm in the minority, but I would not mind at all if sexuality was left out of most games, often it doesn't add anything at best and at worst it can deter to some characters. I don't mean to censor it or to make it a taboo but that's a mature subject that needs mature writers and a mature audience to be done well.
And by mature I don't mean 18+ "adult games" which, for the most, are actually very immature.
And that's kind of my point about it. We don't really need more sex in games. We need it to be well written.