thesilentman said:
I just remembered a catch though; the live USB doesn't save any settings that you change.[...]
Thats only partially true. You can make a USB-Live-Distro of Ubuntu with some extra space allocated. There you can save some programs and settings. I have never tried it out, so I don't know how well it really works, but a friend of mine is Running one of his PCs like that.
Another Thing: when coming from Mac OSX you will need to adapt a lot (perhaps even more than with windows). Linux has not been made with "'visualizing' the user into believing his system works well" in mind. Most of what makes up the work process on an Apple is just there to comfort your eyes. The security of the system is close to non existent and leaves huge gaps which have been exploited by uncountable amounts of malware and hackingtools, yet apple keeps lying to their customers, because the security issues are by design and they don't want to change that. Linux on the other hand is close to being the most secure thing you will encounter, meaning that a lot of things need to be verified and such. there is also very little in the way of "window dressing" and you will come to a point, where you will have to use and understand the console (don't be afraid though, it's actually very easy once you overcome the fear).
Mac OSX has completely forgotten its UNIX-Roots and it's terrible that you brother won't even install any third party software since that include the few and poorly designed Anti-Malware programs you have for that system.
I have bin using a fair share of different Distros over the past years and for most of my work I have somehow gotten stuck on Xubuntu, which is Ubuntu with a modified Xfce Desktop (for most of the rest of my work I use either Arch with xmonad, which is hard to learn but if you have it you will know what speed feels like, or Oracle Linux with KDE at least atm). I would advise you to try out different desktops in you time, because they all have a different feel to them and you have to choice to permanently optimize your workspace for your needs. There are some desktops that are completely different from anything you know, and there are some desktop modifications that can revolutionize they way you look at a desktop, much like the windows 3D Workspace does. Ubuntus Unity-desktop is fine, although not what I would use, because it has some mechanics that are just slowing down in my opinion.
Below I have made a small list of desktops and distros you might want to check out as a beginner:
Desktops for beginners:
-KDE (bulky but beautiful)
-Gnome3/Gnome Shell (I guess its more meant for touchscreens, but a friend of mine loves it on his normal laptop)
-Mate (Gnome 2)
-Cinnamon (a different branch of Gnome 3, its a matter of taste)
-Trinity (old KDE)
-Xfce (very light, but lightning fast)
-Lxde (even smaller and faster with some efford it can also be pretty)
-Enlightenment (even smaller and faster than lxde)
-Openbox (the smallest in this list, I have used it for a year and I still love it)
There are Desktops that are far more adventurous, but can also be very neat. For example, i have once combined Fluxbox with Metisse to get a superfast and very interesting desktop. It crashed a few times, but i also never found the time to really do something with it. It was still a lot of fun to play around with that.
Distros for beginners:
-Linux Mint (I guess it is supposed to be the easiest of the bunch, is basically a redesigned Ubuntu that comes with a lot of condecs etc that you have to install after setup on Ubuntu)
-Ubuntu/Xubuntu/Kubuntu/Lubuntu (One of the most prominent distros, it has many features that make it very eay for beginners to get the hang of things. Meant to be a "Windows-Killer")
-PCLinuxOs (one of the first distros for non-nerd users and still one of the best. it comes with huge ammounts of pre-installed software)
-Zorin (You want Linux but like Windows: Zorin is linux that looks and feels like windows)
-Knoppix (the first Linux to introduce live-CD and still a very well designed and stable linux, i have used it for 2 years and was never not happy with it)
-open SuSe (very stable and old distro based on slackware. Its "the other" ubuntu for those that dislike Debian)
-Fedora (bleeding edge software that does not always run very stable? here you go, with fedora you are ahead of you time. Its based on red Head but does not use the RH unbreakable kernel)
-CentOS (another fedora which is a bit less bleeding edge and a bit more stable to my knowledge, I know someone who is a die-hard fan, but I have never used it)
-Crunchbang (Debian with graphical installer and configure Openbox Desktop: extremely nice and plain distro, I use it for netbooks and systems that need to be stable and setup quickly at all costs)
-Slitaz (very small runs from you memory)
-Aptosid (perhaps the easiest rolling release distro)
That is by far not all, but I guess the most interesting from my point of view (no, I have not used Mageia and I don't know anyone who did, so I have no opinion here).