@ OP:
seriously, poison headcrabs? man up boy'o XD
I was in the habit of not even bothering to specifically avoid their bite when i played. Yes, it dropped you to 1 health, but that was only temporary and within moments it was already completely regenerated.
Only time you'd even have to think about the poison was if another enemy was just about to swat you, and usually there were no combine around, so you didn't even have to worry about bullets and stuff (see: actual danger for that situation). The headcrab zombies were slow and clumsy, so its not like they'd be getting you.
The only possible threat in that situation was a fast headcrab sneaking a hit on you right after the poison one did. A very rare case indeed.
As for enemies that match your description.
I can't really think of any, though i remember hearing that in diablo (yes, that old game) there was a zombie that when it hit you it permanently took away your health, which cased many people to quit their games and reset merely at the slight of them.
But that didn't apply to me, as when i actually played the game i didn't even know about what those zombies did, and usually was to busy filling them with arrows from a distance to be effected (even if they did hit me i probably wouldn't realise they took my health, being the young lad i was XD)
The damned fish from Super Mario 64 that would just eat you outright... I still cant stand the thought of swimming in open water.
I remember that fish! damn terrible horrible fish XD
Similar to water in a sonic game. As soon as that music started playing you knew you were screwed, no matter how frantically you tried to find air XD