Ledan said:
Realitycrash said:
Ledan said:
Realitycrash said:
Mine is a situation a described as where positive discrimination would be valid. The fact that it rarely happens as it is supposed to happen (i.e that morons get promoted just because they are a different gender) doesn't invalidate the premise that when it happens correctly, it is a good thing.
Why? Why is discrimination a "good thing"?
God, big picture, people, BIG PICTURE. Sometimes, you have to do something bad in the short turn to have a great yield in the long run. If an more equal society is beneficial, then having to do some short-term discrimination to get long-term greater levels of equality is acceptable.
*snip*
That is utilitarianism and inevitably leads to an unjust society. Arguing that the ends justifies the means. By that philosophy torture is okay. Scapegoats are okay(blaming aliens for Chernobyl would be okay if it lead to a better society). Murder is okay.
Equal societies are better, but we can't get there by being discriminatory.
Yes it IS Utilitarianism. And the rest of your post is blatant lack of understanding concerning how Utilitarianism works.
The end justifies the mean, if
the end justifies the mean. If murder would overall make a better society, I'd be all for it. Too bad it doesn't. Same goes for rape, or genocide, or anything else horrible you'd like to pull out.
It doesn't work, so I'm against it. I'm for it on principle, just as I am for Capital Punishment on principle.
Now, I'm fairly certain Positive Discrimination works, sacrificing small amounts of equality in the short term to gain a greater amount in the long term. So we should do it, if the math turns out right. And most government seems to agree with me, that indeed it WILL lead to a more diverse and equal society, which will be good for everyone in the long run.
Utilitarianism doesn't work. The problem with the entire philosophy is that you can justify instances of unethical acts for the greater good. Such as discriminating to lead to an equal society.
By murder i meant you can justify killing someone if you can justify the ends. A more stable society could be achieved by killing dissenters. A biologically superior human can be achieved by sterilizing the retarded. And if you think that certain traits are better than others, you can justify genocide. You can justify framing someone fora crime they did not commit.
Unethical acts are still unethical, and should be avoided at all costs.
You know, I think it is time we bring out Mr Skippy and Mr Utility. Maybe they can help explain things.
Mr Skippy: Hey, Mr Utility, can you explain Utilitarianism for me?
Mr Utility: Sure thing, Mr Skippy. Here comes a simplified description!
You see, Utilitarianism is the philosophy of greatest possible happiness for the masses (or the basic is, there are a myriad of specialized theories of Utilitarianism to solve the different problems that such a philosophy will encounter. Remember, kids, all philosophies encounter problems!).
First thing to know is that everything can be counted in Utility, the basic unit we use to determine what is the greatest possible happiness. There is no definite "good" or "bad" act, just acts that 1) overall tend to lead to Greatest Utility or 2) Does so in a certain context, even though it does not tend to overall do so.
Mr. Skippy: Gee, that sounds swell, Mr.Utility, but doesn't that mean that we can excuse any act whatsoever, if the end will net us Greater Utility, within a foreseeable time-period?
Mr. Utility:
Yes it does, Mr. Skippy.. However, what we usually consider "bad acts" are "bad acts" for a reason, simply because they tend to generate an overall lack in Utility. Murder or rape might, in so convoluted situation, bring forth a situation in context that generates Greater Utility, but when applied to a society, it does not.
Mr.Skippy: So how does that answer the question?
Mr Utility: Well, Mr.Skippy, if you go ahead and murder someone, in the name of Greater Utility, then first off you must be reasonably sure that the murder will generate GU (sure enough that the GU is bigger, if you are correct, than the netloss of Utility, should you be wrong, by the fact that you have taken a life, broken the law, hurt peoples feelings, etc etc), and then you must be sure that people agree with you and understand your calculations. It doesn't matter if you can show that things will indeed turn out for the better if the murder was performed, if people disagree. In fact,
this should be part of your calculations, for if people are this upset about murder, then clearly, then maybe it isn't generating GU?
Mr.Skippy: Gee, that sounds like a lot of math and unsure, speculative assumptions. How can people ever pull it off?
Mr. Utility: Most of the time, they can't. That's why we use
Rules of Thumb. See, Rules of Thumb (or what is pretty much "every 'common sense' moral in the world") gives us a hint of what will not generate GU. Murder, rape, theft, tend to destabilize society, make people angry, and not generate GR on the grand scheme of things. That's why we don't murder people willy-nilly. That's why we don't have the courts frame someone for a crime, because it will destabilize society if word gets out that we can't trust our government to act fair and just.
Mr.Skippy: I see, but in case we CAN be reasonably sure, and have done enough research and fact to back this up, Murder is ethical?
Mr. Utility: You have to be veeeeery sure, Skippy. It is unlikely someone will ever be sure enough, but in some situations,
YES. You have to explain this carefully, though, because people tend to use this an excuse to go
slippery sloping, and use rhetorics to claim that an Utilitarian thinks any act can be done willy-nilly.
Mr. Skippy: But how does this relate to the problem
Realitycrash is discussing, concerning Positive Discimination?
Mr Utility: Well, Mr. Skippy,
Realitycrash thinks that in certain cases, discrimination can be used to fight a larger case of discrimination. And many people agree with him. While discrimination is "bad", it is "good" when it generates GR, which studies seem to indicate that it does.
Mr.Skippy: One last question..Doesn't this mean that there is nothing "sacred", just things that overall Greater Utility or not?
Mr. Utility: Indeed! What we normally consider "sacred" or "right" is just short for "something that overall tend to generate very much utility".
Edit: Mr. Utility mixed up Greatest Utility and Greatest Happiness. It's the same thing, but can get confusing. I've edited this away.