No, of course 0.(9) doesn't equal 1. It goes 0.999... to infinity.
Now granted, if you use the value of 0.(9) in real-life applications, you might indeed decide that the approximation error from 0.(9) to 1 is neglijible and just consider it 1.
But from a purely mathematical point of view, no, 0.(9) does NOT equal 1.
EDIT :
Same issue for something that is infinitely small like 0.000000...00001 . Is it equal to zero? No, of course not, it represents a very,very small but non-zero value.
In actual applications would you care that 0.0000....001 is not zero ? Most of the time,no. But it depends on the scale of magnitude of applications.
It all comes down to approximations and how they are relevant to a context.