Nickolai77 said:
Well, i see two main benifits of a lunar colony. One, if you site a lunar teliscope on the dark side of the moon, you would be able to see a heck of a lot of the universe, quite a bit more than what a teliscope in earths orbit could see. Secondly, we would learn how to run colonies, and how to overcome various problems with it. It's never too early to learn about these things.
The way i would go about setting up a lunar colony is through baby steps. Set up a space station in lunar orbit (we already know how to do those)and from there astronauts can make sorties down to the moons surface. Then NASA or whomever can start gradually setting up a base on the moon. They could try and mine the water beneath the moons surface, and perhaps later set up a teliscope. I think someone said earler that there are a few resources on the moon that could be mined, but yeah you could do quite a bit with a lunar colony. I think someone said that the ESA would work with NASA on the lunar colony, which is a good to hear- the more nations you can get on the lunar project the better, it means more money and more talent going into the project.
I think a lunar colony would have more practical benifit than having the prestige of getting a man to Mars. If NASA decides to invest its resources in the lunar colony the Chinese will probably go to Mars. They are the kind of nation that would do that.
It seems like you're skipping a lot of necessary and overwhelming logistics.
Putting a telescope on the dark side of the moon is redundant when it can just as well be put into Earth's orbit. There's a reason the most powerful telescopes are on the surface, though.
A space station in lunar orbit would also be somewhat redundant. The reason Earth has a space station is because Earth has a powerful gravity well. The amount of force required to reach orbit from Earth's surface is over 20x that of leaving the moon's. Those aside...
The amount of structural and economic support required to start a mining operation on the moon would be immense (if it's even useful to do so). Any ores would have to be used on the moon as well, and that just escalates the required support. Think about all the resources that that would cost Earth to get all those materials into space and safely to the moon.
In my opinion, there's nothing useful on the moon to warrant colonizing it. If it's decided that we will, then it will be because of merit first, and obscure research second. If you're worried we'll run out of room for expansion on Earth, the oceans would probably be easier to colonize in the long run. We need to create a much larger foothold in Earth's orbit before we think about moving into any other celestial bodies, along with a much more efficient means to reach orbit from Earth's surface (space elevators and such).