Captain Billy said:
So, fellow Escapists. Ve meet again.
At any rate, my question is as follows. How do these older works stack up, for you, against more modern literature?
Too broad to really answer.
You seem to be saying that you aren't a fan of Post Modernism (the past 60 year or so) or Modernism (anytime from aprox 1890 until around 1945, give or take depending on who you ask).
Typically, I prefer Modernism to Post Modernism (although it depends on the work - something really Deconstructive can be fun now and then if it's well written - see Fight Club).
Dickens is an example of the style that came just before Modernism (the name of which I can't currently recall - although it might just be Dickensian, which is how I usually think about it).
Elizabethan and Jacobean is where Shakespeare falls (about 400 years ago), and are very different styles from Dickensian (or Modernism). I also believe there is (at least) one other style in there between Elizabethan and Dickensian, but that isn't my area of specialization (I specialized in Elizabethan, Jacobean, Modernism, and Post Modernism).
Anyway, I bring this up because the sex and violence amount varies between era. Elizabethan has less sex and violence than Jacobean, but both have more than Dickensian (when Queen Victoria was ruling). Shakespeare LOVED sex and violence - there are sex jokes all over Hamlet, for instance. The violence should be obvious. Hamlet was and is a good example of a Jacobean era play.
Early modernism (pre WW1) tends to have less sex and violence in general, although there will often be hints of it. Post WW1, but pre WW2, the violence increases a lot, but the sex only increases a little. Post Modernism ups the sex. However, Post Modernism also often reduces the Plot - as the concept of Plot began being deconstructed during Post Modernism. Not always - Fight Club is my go-to example of Post Modernism with a good plot.
Anyway, the point is, "Classic" isn't a category - it any story that's still popular now but wasn't written recently. It is a publisher term, not a literary term. And, since the name of the thread is Sex and Violence (with a subtitle) I assume that is the aspect you're looking for. However, the level of sex and violence varies significantly between eras. Check out some Jacobean authors other than Shakespeare - he was actually fairly sedate compared to some of the blood-baths on stage in that period.
Oh, and to anyone who is more expert in the periods between Jacobean and Modernism, I fully admit (and noted above) that I don't know those eras well having focused on other eras. I tried not to say much on stuff I didn't directly know about - if you do, feel free to add to what I said and help give the OP a more complete picture.