A black hole is a stellar phenomenon that often occurs when a star goes super nova. What happens is the internal forces of pressure and inter-molecular repulsion are overcome by gravity. Thus, the majority of the star is pulled into the center of the former star, and become a black hole. The area of the black hole is theoretically infinitely dense, and any new matter is sucked in and joined to the mass of the black hole.
Because of the amazing density and mass, this creates an incredible gravitational force in the nearby area. A force that can bend light like a lens, or, if the light is close enough to the center of gravity, pull it straight in. But because there is no positive change in mass (no mass gain, because of the Theory of Conservation of Mass) the amount of gravitational force between it and any stationary object does not change, because that would require either a mass change, or a distance change.
MATHS TIME!
Force of Gravity (F) being F=[G(m1)(m2)]/D where G is the gravitational constant, m1 is mass of first object, m2 is mass of second, and D is the square of the distance between them. When D becomes tiny, and mass becomes huge, the force of gravity can even overcome light's velocity and prevent it from leaving.