tsb247 said:
Hot said:
Looks like a vertebral HOX gene overexpression in the thoratic area.
If I remember correctly, aren't you a bio-chemist? What could cause a mutation like this? I'm curious.
If it's a homeobox gene which it most likely is a number of thinks could cause a mutation like this. A little bit of background.
Homeobox genes are ubiquitous to all life on earth. If you imagine for a moment you body as distinct zones from head to tail e.g. Head, upper thorax/arms, abdomen, pelvic region, lower limbs (this is a gross oversimplification btw); HOX genes regulate the order in which these zones come (the anterio-posterior axis). Another very interesting thing about HOX genes is that they are
"in order" in the genome. So if you read the genome from left to right (3' to 5') you would see the hox gene for the head, then the gene for the upper abdomen etc. etc. This is pretty unique in genetics, and people are still kinda confused onto why this is.
Homeobox genes are (typically) essential to produce a viable organism. If you delete them, the embryo patterns incorrectly during embryogenesis, and you end up with an inviable fetus. Mutations however, can and do occur; for instance Antennapedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antennapedia].
Snakes have a very specific HOX pattern. They have an over-expression of the hox genes responsible for producing thoracic segments. So instead of having a little ribcage, they have a HUGE ribcarge, that is their body. It is important to realise however that within their genome they retain the HOX genes responsible for producing the lower limbs;
they're just not expressed. So the mutation was the expression of this HOX gene, most likely because of:
- a mutation in the HOX gene's promoter, responsible for the expression of a leg.
- the under/over expression of pair-rule [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair-rule_gene] or gap genes responsible for the expression of HOX genes.
The mutation could be caused by anything really. It could have been exposed to toxins, UV Radiation, X-Rays, ethidium bromide, oxygen radicals, anything. The DNA is damaged and will expressed differently. They just occur randomly and spontaneously sometimes.
Hope that answers your question
