I know my comment may get lost, and believe me, I am NOT defending this game...it sucks.
This is the twelfth time someone has called this a "Square-Enix" game. It's a feelplus game, okay? The guys who did the port for No More Heroes: Heroes' Paradise. Square Enix is the publisher, and while having some sort of (read: little to no) input, they did NOT develop the game.
Second, the voice acting thing. Aside from the "different planes of existence" thing, that IS how most voice acting is done. One person in a booth, recording their lines, then the next actor comes in the booth when the first actor is done. Repeat until lunch break, then repeat until you go home. Usually, voice recording will take more than a few days, and some actors will be done before it ends.
Finally, I know this sounds really stupid, and it is just evidence of bad game design...but you aren't actually meant to "fight" the giant robot. It will stand there, doing nothing, until you fight the massive squadron of enemy mooks behind you. It's an endurance test, not an actual boss fight. Once you kill all those enemies, the robot finally dies and you can advance. It's actually a little embarrassing that you ran out of ideas so fast. I would have been confused at that part, sure, but at least I wouldn't give up after only one tactic.