Being Canadian, its interesting too look at the American/British divide, and see where we fall in the middle.
Of course just like the Americans and British, we have quite a bit of linguistic diversity within our country. Here's a few examples of Maritime English http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritimer_English, which is similar in some way to other types in English, while in other ways unique:
Boston States = New England, During the 19th Century many Maritimers went to the greater Boston area to work, some decided to stay. The term is falling out of use, but you still see it used frequently.
Upper Canadian = Someone who is actually from Upper Canada (Ontario), or someone who is extremely arrogant and rude (i.e. Damned Upper Canadian). Term itself is likely a couple centuries old, though it seems to have died out elsewhere. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Canada
Come from away = Essentially someone who's not from around here. Usually anyone from outside the Maritimes counts as a 'come from away,' And even someone who was born here and then moved away for a decade can sometimes be called a come from away, though the meaning in that case is derogatory.
Chesterfield = Couch, Sofa, usually only the old folks use this one, most people having switched Couch . . . and only come from aways seem to use the word sofa
Right Good/Right Some Good = i.e. That pie was right some good. Gaelic prof told me that it comes from a Gaelic turn of phrase that transferred to English. Makes sense as you usually only hear it in Cape Breton, Eastern Nova Scotia and parts of Prince Edward Island, areas that were predominantly Gaelic a century and a half ago.
The Island = Prince Edward Island. A few people rarely use it to refer to Cape Breton, but with the causeway . . .
The Valley = The Annapolis Valley. Valley Girl has an entirely different meaning.
Also the Cape Breton (Caper) Accent is incredibly awesome. Similar in some ways to the Newfoundland accent.
I believe this Kate Beaton comic sums it up perfectly: http://img220.imageshack.us/img220/512/scottishimmigrationtoca.jpg
/Disclaimer: Ancestors were Scottish Gaels, and though I don't have a Cape Breton accent, let's just say I do have a few linguistic particularities.