Lyiat said:
Matter Anti-Matter Reactions are the most efficient process in the known universe, 100% mass to energy conversion. But where does the anti-matter come from? Current anti-matter producing processes are extremely energy intensive for extremely small yield and anti-matter has to be stored within force fields. Without a harvestable source of anti-matter using a matter anti-matter reaction for any practical use is a null prospect.
Fusion is a much more viable source of power. Heavy water (deuterium) is abundant so maintaining the reaction would be fairly cheap. Harvesting power from a fusion reaction is more difficult but efficient photovoltaic cells combined with steam driven turbines should be effective.
Hydrogen fuel cells were suggested, they aren't energy efficient in the grand scheme though. The process of combining Hydrogen and Oxygen to form water does produce a great deal of power but the problem is actually having gaseous Hydrogen to react. We have very little gaseous Hydrogen on Earth as nearly all of our Hydrogen is bound in organic molecules and water. Extracting it requires more energy than the inverse reaction produces. It's a great way to power a vehicle but not a good general power source.
Installing pressure responsive voltaic cells in city streets could produce enough power for traffic and street lights. There just isn't enough power inherent in stomping feet (even millions of them) to do much with.
There are two principle problems with solar power. 1) photovoltaic cells are not very efficient (currently) and 2) they require a view of the sun. Mounting solar panels on roofs is a good idea but if it is cloudy they receive much less energy. Unreliable sources should never be the basis for a civilization's power, only a supplement.
Geothermal power is basically making water hot with volcanoes. It is a nice power source but only in minimal, careful use.
Power from fluid dynamics can be reliable and cheap but takes up quite a bit of space and doesn't produce very high yields.
Fission is an all round good and reliable power source that has an unfortunate bi-product. A few more vaults in the desert and that wouldn't be a problem but we are close to being able to effectively use processes that have no wastes or clean wastes.
So I guess what I'm trying to say is that the best alternative energy source is zero-point energy (not from our own universe of course).