According to Pharsyde's neutral jedi, very very few could take him out.
A couple examples people have said.
1) Aliens (from the Alien series, obviously): 1 on 1 no, powerful jedi masters (Kyle Katarn for example) can use an ability called Force Protection,its pretty much a shield of force energy, to block particles (such as bullets, and blaster bolts), while in combat, so alien acid blood would not kill the jedi. Lightsabers also instantly cauterize wounds that they cause, so no acid spray would be likely to occur.
2)A shotgun: as I explained earlier, force protection would block all incoming particles, if some got through somehow, the jedi could push them back with the force, and block the rest with his/her lightsaber(s).
3)Hunting Rifle: Precognition enough to dodge sniper rifle has been shown in games such as Jedi Knight 2, so no.
4)Anything immune to electricity: a lightsaber is not a jedi master's only weapon, here's a rudimentary list of possible force attacks a master could use, telekinesis based attacks, electric based attacks, pure matter destruction based attacks (Force Destruction, if anyone was wondering), and if powerful enough, direct control of molecules themselves (no jedi has become powerful enough to do any more than create a tiny bit of light afaik).
5)Lethal Radiation Poisoning: I'm not sure about this one, Force Protection could possibly stop it, if not Force Heal could probably repair any damage done, it works at the molecular level with midichlorians, it artificially stimulates cell division wth the energy of the force... if not we have a winner

but this was about a 1v1
very few characters could take on a jedi 1v1.
Pharsyde's suggestions are all possible though, and Dr. Who (I guess, but it is kinda lame)