I had the urge to check what Pathfinder said about the law/chaos axis specifically, and while um... malithet- Matethia- male? Mal...? Was right in that Lawful characters are about order, even in pathfinder (although it does seem to promote both lawful-smart and Lawful-Stupid as options). Chaotic seems a little... different than just "against society".
Chaotic characters follow their consciences, resent being told what to do, favor new ideas over tradition, and do what they promise if they feel like it...
-(comments on lawful in this space, snipped)-
...Chaos implies freedom, adaptability, and flexibility. On the downside, chaos can include recklessness, resentment towards legitimate authority, arbitrary actions, and irresponsibility. Those who promote chaotic behavior say that only unfettered personal freedom allows people to express themselves fully and lets society benefit from the potential that its individuals have within them.
Based on that, I'm interpreting that to mean they are somewhat less of "anti society", as some put it; and a little closer to anarchy that previous versions, being more against order that restricts freedom rather than all order. Extrapolating from information in the game masters guide section on cities, and its points on alignment of cities, they don't seem to have a problem getting with getting orderly, as they are fine being run by a thieves guild, they simply have a problem with authority acting like... well, an authority figure. Making them similar to just plain being rebellious.
However, its not all the way towards anarchy, as there seem to be a few other traits mixed into the concept. Such as creativity as a core precept, emotional(ism?) as an implied state of mind, and an agenda that sounds much like a form of evolution as they favor "new ideas over tradition". (In fact, Evolve seems to be a word used often in regards to Chaotic outsiders, such as Proteans.)
Where am I going with this? Well, Assuming I'm reading into this right, the fact that the book describes alignment as being a broad set of philosophies as opposed to a narrow one, that puts Chaotic good as much more than just "looks out for one's self"; and in fact, some points, such as the "reckless and impulsive" parts; might lead them to not think about themselves at all, throwing themselves into conflicts before they ever consider the consequences... And as mentioned, they aren't against society necessarily, as they think unfettered personal freedom would allow society to flourish.
Now for my personal examples of Chaotic Good, with how much the alignment means to them and whether They are more focused on the Chaos Side or the Good Side:
Simon- (Gurren Lagann), Major example, Good Slanted.
Kamina- (Gurren Lagann) Major Example, Chaos Slanted.
Rainbow Dash- (My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic), Moderate example, Chaos slanted.
Pinkie Pie- (My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic), EXTREME EXAMPLE, CHAOTIC SLANTED TO THE MAX!
Marcus Damon- (Digimon Savers), Strong example, Chaos Slanted.
Kudou Taiki- (Digimon Xros Wars Parts 1&2), Strong example, Good Slanted.
Shoutmon- (Digimon Xros Wars Parts 1&2), Strong Example, Chaos slanted but slowly slants back towards good.
Out of all those, I think only one has core behavior classed as "selfish" or "self serving", and that's Rainbow Dash for being too lazy to get anything done in a hurry that she isn't excited about. However, if there's an immediate need for her to do something, she'll get onto it in ten seconds flat.
Also, None of my examples has a single drop of self preservation instinct... Unless you count the early stage of "young Simon", and even then, he drops that shortly after a few events take place.
(Shoutmon is Notable, in that he becomes king. After which the next time he is seen, which is in part 3, he's seen scolding his younger charge for causing trouble without meaning to, indicating an interim shift to neutral good. Of course, said charge was closer to chaotic neutral at the time, wanting only to be seen as being as great a hero as his king. So may be subjective.)